PC Lockout state

The feature that prevents logging on to a macOS device is called “PC lockout”.
The PC enters the “PC lockout” state either when an administrator manually locks it out, or when you fail to log on a certain number of times while “PC lockout” is enabled in your organization’s settings.

When in the “PC lockout” state, the logon screen or lock screen switches to a dedicated lockout display, and the password entry field is no longer shown.
You cannot log on to the Mac until an administrator releases the “PC lockout” state.

The PC lockout screen